Policies & regulations for groundwater floods

In the Netherlands, groundwater flood management is a dual responsibility (PDF) for both municipality and individuals. Municipalities must take measures on public land to prevent structural damage from high groundwater levels. This applies as long as these measures are not covered by responsibilities of the water authority or province (Article 2.16 in the Environmental and Planning Act). The responsibility for managing groundwater levels on private properties, however, lies with the land/building owners. Also, building owners are responsible for waterproofing basements that are used as living area.